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The Jewish Ghetto that the Nazis created in Cracow is often mistakenly thought to have been located in the Kazimierz district, which lies to the south east of the Royal Castle. However, whilst Kazimierz provided a home for many Jews over the centuries (as it did in parts for Christians too), it was in Podgorze, over the river, that the Nazis made their wartime ghetto.
Podgorze was initially a separate town that was founded by the Austrians in 1784 in the wake of the first partition of Poland. By the mid-nineteenth century all of Cracow was under the Austrian crown, and Podgorze was viewed as simply another district of the city.
The fringes of Podgorze had a pronounced industrial character, and disused quarries are still a prominent feature of the landscape (Steven Spielberg used one of them to build his set for the Plaszow Concentration Camp in his film 'Schindler's List').
By the 1930's, when Cracow was again part of an independent Poland, much of central Podgorze was owned by Polish Jews. At that time there were approximately 60,000 Jews living in Cracow. The poorest Jews tended to live in Kazimierz, whilst the more affluent ones lived in central Cracow, or in the more grand parts of Podgorze.
The Germans invaded Poland in September 1939. Hans Frank, the Nazi Governor of the region, planned for Cracow to be 'the cleanest' of the former Polish cities. After several waves of Jewish resettlement to other Polish cities it was finally decreed that all remaining Jews should move to Podgorze.
The area that was singled out for the ghetto constituted the heart of the Podgorze district. It spread east from the Main Market Square (Rynek Podgorski today) over an area of 20 hectares. The creation of the ghetto was announced on March 3rd, 1941. The Jews who stayed in Cracow were ordered to move to Podgorze by March 20th, 1941.
All Christians who lived in the area that was earmarked for the ghetto were compelled to move out, largely to Kazimierz north of the river. However, Tadeusz Pankiewicz, a graduate of medicine from the Jagiellonian University, protested against the rule and was permitted to remain. His pharmacy in the north eastern corner of the ghetto would later became an enclave of resistance to Nazi policy.
15,000 Polish Jews were crowded into an area that had previously housed 3,000 souls. It was standard for four families to share one flat. Conditions were made worse by a second transit in October 1941, when a further 6,000 Jews from nearby villages were forced into the ghetto.
Forced labour and rationing were standard features of the experience. Although many Jews were compelled to work outside the ghetto, they had little freedom of movement. Outside of working hours, all Jews had to stay within the newly built ghetto walls, whose form resembled oversized Jewish gravestones (fragments of the wall still stand today).
Deportations began on May 30th, 1942. Deportees were told that they would be working in the Ukraine. In the first few days, some 4,000 Jews were deported. They were transported from the nearby Plaszow station to Belzec concentration camp.
The following days were punctuated by shootings in the street, whilst immediately after the final deportations of June 4th, there was a further 'purge' in which some 600 Jews were killed within the ghetto walls.
A second deportation began in October 1942. Families were separated, and about 4500 people were deported to the Belzec camp.
In December 1942 the ghetto was divided into two parts, Ghetto A for 'Workers' and Ghetto B for 'Non-Workers'.
On March 13th, 1943 Ghetto A was liquidated and workers were sent to Plaszow camp where many would later perish, including the infamous 'Judenrat' Jewish police.
The following day Ghetto B was liquidated amidst widespread shooting on the streets. The remaining Jews were sent to the Auschwitz II: Birkenau camp.
In total, it is estimated that some 65,000 Polish Jews who lived in Cracow and its immediate vicinity were murdered by the Nazis during the Second World War, obliterating Jewish life and culture as it had existed before the War completely. | | | |
 | | "ur page sux's" | hi
United States
Aug.30.2010
rates this page 1/5 |
| | "very boring although it conatains alot of info also make it more engaging" | blah blah
United Kingdom
Jun.06.2010
rates this page 1/5 |
| | "this was a big help with my school report this site is helpful awsome and happy" | zaiah lzg
United States
May.25.2010
rates this page 4/5 |
| | "I am a Liberator" | cameron Ayers
United States
Apr.20.2010
rates this page 5/5 |
| | "God bless all who died at the hands of despicable Nazi scum" | Mac an Ghallóglaigh
United Kingdom
Mar.14.2010
rates this page 4/5 |
| | "not really what i was looking for, maybe more facts could be added like the sisez and the way they were treated.
" | Kelly
United Kingdom
Feb.07.2010
rates this page 2/5 |
| | "i need info for my revision ...?..." | Tyla
United States
Jan.27.2010
rates this page 3/5 |
| | "kool dwg" | bobby
Congo
Dec.04.2009
rates this page 5/5 |
| | "This is so helpful for my essay!! This website helped me get a 98% on my essay....love it!!" | Kassandra
United States
Nov.27.2009
rates this page 4/5 |
| | "it was ok" | choclate lover
United States
Oct.29.2009
rates this page 3/5 |
| | "this website helped me alot in writing my report on the concentration camps and everything else or as we can call it the hollocaust thumbs up keep up the good work" | haley
United Kingdom
Sep.19.2009
rates this page 5/5 |
| | "this website is realy helpful" | joe
United States
Sep.17.2009
rates this page 3/5 |
| | "hi im doinga project on oscar and i need a map of where the factory is located
" | lolo
Australia
Sep.03.2009
rates this page 3/5 |
| | "Shocking picture. Will definitely visit this part of town and will be thinking about what happened" | Chris
United Kingdom
May.27.2009
rates this page 4/5 |
| | "If you are uneducated enough to believe that this did not happen or if this attrocity extended beyond the hands of the Nazi's, then you're a bloody fool. I'm not Jewish, but German/American and it breaks my heart to know that this is part of my heritage. I can understand that the Germans needed a hero in a time of economic disaster such as what the world is going through now, and Hitler initially answered the needs of many. We cannot ever allow this to happen again, to any race, in any nation, to any people. We, as humanity, must remain humble to the attrocities of WW2 and seek to find a better way for our generation and the generations to come. Please. We, as a world, must unite, together. " | Robert
United States
May.09.2009
rates this page 4/5 |
| | "Very informative site. The Germans were not the only ones responsible for the murder of the Jews and other victims. The US was, too. So was Britain. So was France! So was the whole damn world! It's time to stop blaming Germany entirely for the Holocaust when any other country could have come in and stopped it." | Ellisen
United States
May.02.2009
rates this page 3/5 |
| | "what up dogg yea all boring" | corey sandy
United States
Apr.30.2009
rates this page 1/5 |
| | "What the Nazi's Germany has done to the Jews cannot be forgotten nor forgiven, yet the new generation in Germany should learn from the past and do their best to deduce from the past history all the necessary conclusions so as to understand the scale of the Holocaust they made to their own citizens as well as to proud Jewish nation. The new generation of Germany today should come to Israel visit the Yad Vashem memorial place for the Holocaust and take some other tours like meeting some of the survivors to undestand the scope of what their own parents/grandparents created in our world." | Gabi Geva
United Kingdom
Apr.06.2009
rates this page 3/5 |
| | "The crimes Germans committed during the Third Reich at home and in their occupied territories during the war can never be forgiven nor forgotten. Germans today are trying to come to terms with these crimes. It is not an easy task but I think they are making a better effort than many other nations who also have accumulated a lot of blood on their hands over the centuries. This is not to exonerate the crimes committed by the Germans and their lackeys. Self righteousness on the part of anybody is not helpful." | George Reilly
Germany
Feb.06.2009
rates this page 3/5 |
| | "Germany commited no more crimes against humanity than the Brittish French and Russian's have over the year's......" | Karl Hienz
Germany
Jan.24.2009
rates this page 3/5 |
| | "mmmmm with the recent gaza conflict s thomson might have something regardig the israeli troops/a great site very interesting" | FRANK SWEENY
United Kingdom
Jan.12.2009
rates this page 4/5 |
| | "i wonder if my nation will ever be forgiven for the horrors commited by the nazis but i think its time we were given a chance danke" | hans
Germany
Dec.09.2008
rates this page 3/5 |
| | "i think this website was very interesting =)" | BeckyC
Albania
Nov.19.2008
rates this page 4/5 |
| | "not to mention his spelling of "isreali" Perhaps he should return to basic English and Geography before decanting on Politics." | daniel
Belgium
Nov.17.2008
rates this page 3/5 |
| | "good site i have been to krakow twice and seen auschwitz and i travelled to lublin and seen majdanek what an education " | a.martin
United Kingdom
Oct.21.2008
rates this page 3/5 |
| | "the jews were targeted as a result of peoples blinkered opinion of the part they played in the first world war and the humiliation suffered by Germany. Tgreat depression and the disillusionment of the youth added to the melting pot and created the most tragic period of history. Lets not also forget to those who try to justify the killing of innocent jewish children men and women that hitler also targeted others such as those with a disability.
Anyone who can try to justify such events should think about the deportation of non french jews from Paris in 1942 - children were seperated from their parents and suffered for weeks uncared for before being sent on a three day train journey to their deaths in Auscwitz - the justification for this "their jewish blood.
This behaviour has no justification!" | james
United Kingdom
Oct.13.2008
rates this page 5/5 |
| | "its good but could be more in easier words for teens to know what they mean" | frankie
Algeria
Oct.07.2008
rates this page 2/5 |
| | "response to s.thompson:
your spelling of 'by', as being 'buy',-indicates your ignorance. enough said." | Frank Amstel
Austria
May.27.2008
rates this page 4/5 |
| | "good page, good site" | Frank Amstel
Austria
May.27.2008
rates this page 4/5 |
| | "@ stephanie
There was not a real Ghetto in Krakow at that time. But most of the Jew lifed in a jewish quarter, called Kazimierz, maybe the author of your book was talking about this quarter." | klaus
United States
May.25.2008
rates this page 3/5 |
| | "s.thomson your are spot on " | r miller
United Kingdom
May.10.2008
rates this page 4/5 |
| | "j thomson are you trying to say that isreal play buy the rules read up on the middle east history there is nothing wrong with the site d/head " | s.thomson
United Kingdom
May.10.2008
rates this page 4/5 |
| | "Very good and informative site. S Thomson, you are an assole." | J thomson
United Kingdom
May.08.2008
rates this page 5/5 |
| | "very interesting site but there is not enough information sites regarding all the other peoples who suffered under this evil time younger people i believe think only the jews suffered most movies about the holocaust are based on the jews suffering jim" | james carter
United States
Apr.24.2008
rates this page 3/5 |
| | "very informative, and very sad. but i would like to know more about the jewish police in kracow ghetto including marcel goldberg, is he dead or alive? i feel so sorry for all the jewish people that have suffered so much injustice and predjudice in the past" | kathleen white
Ireland
Apr.19.2008
rates this page 5/5 |
| | "yes it is a sad thing the way jews have been treated in the past but the isreali troops are the new nazis" | s.thomson
United Kingdom
Mar.20.2008
rates this page 5/5 |
| | "Very interesting also very sad. Jews have been percecuted for centuries,why does man feel threatened by this race of gentle people. " | Lizzie Fisher McCall
United Kingdom
Mar.05.2008
rates this page 5/5 |
| | "Very interesting also very sad. " | Lizzie Fisher McCall
United Kingdom
Mar.05.2008
rates this page 5/5 |
| | "this was a great help for my report! two thumbs up!" | Jared Shafer
United States
Jan.29.2008
rates this page 5/5 |
| | "I want to know what happened to the jews who lived in cracow poland ! , Can any one help ?
o yeh n the page is alright i suppose . Very usefull at times =]" | Tia
United Kingdom
Sep.12.2007
rates this page 3/5 |
| | "the whole thing was put together in a way that gave the viewer a sight into the tragic past." | phil carnon
United Kingdom
Jul.25.2007
rates this page 5/5 |
| | "I' d like to know whether there had existed a ghetto before. I am reading Sydney Sheldon's bloodline set in the ghetto of Cracow and i cannot believe that a ghetto still existed by mid 19th century. Actually I think he is mixing up history of the middle ages with later times because as far as I know in the Austro-Hungarian empire there was certainly a certain level of discrimination against the Jews but nevertheless Jewish emancipation went on as well.
I find that American fiction writers are sometimes more than negligent on European historical facts and it does bother me. So, who can tell me more?" | Stephanie
Germany
May.27.2007
rates this page 3/5 |
| | "This website gave me tons of information! I'm writing a paper on the Krakow Ghetto and got some interesting facts. Keep up the good work!" | Emily Nelson
United States
Apr.22.2007
rates this page 4/5 |
| | "an excellent page about Krakow Jewish Ghetto that contains all the information I needed - plus cleared up the question of where it actually was once and for all!" | Big D
United Kingdom
Apr.11.2007
rates this page 5/5 |
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